Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum and. Mapping of the new fertility restorer gene rfpet2 close to. Cmsrestoration systems in rice have been widely used for hybrid seed production. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Apr 30, 2015 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility cms results from an interaction between the organellar and nuclear genomes that conditions the failure to produce functional pollen. Jun 09, 2009 suppressed expression of retrograderegulated male sterility restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants sota fujii and kinya toriyama 1 laboratory of environmental biotechnology, graduate school of agricultural science, tohoku university, 11 tsutumidoriamamiyamachi, aobaku, sendai 9818555, japan. However, no reports are available on dna methylation affected by male sterile. Pdf the genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a widely applied t. Plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important phenomenon and is widely utilized in hybrid crop breeding.
Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed production. Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. Crystal structure of wa352 provides insight into cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms refers to the inability of a plant to produce viable pollens due to cytoplasm based extranuclear genetic condition under. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in. In sorghum, stephen and holland 1954 discovered cytoplasmic male sterility cms designated as milo cytoplasm in the progenies of a cross between two cultivars, milo and combine ka.
Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic male. Gene, protein, and network of male sterility in rice frontiers. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. The neighborjoining tree was performed using mega6 based on the. Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile. Male sterility, types and utilization in hybrid seed production. Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic male. The germplasm resources related to cytoplasmic sterility are limited.
May 30, 2017 extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic male. Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic malesterile. Various types of cytoplasmic male sterility cms and environmentconditioned genic male sterility egms.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to. Natural suppressors of cms, called restorers of fertility rf, are found in the nucleus and have the ability to restore the production of pollen to plants carrying the deleterious mitochondrial cmsassociated gene. Male sterility, as the name indicates, is the inability of a plant to produce male reproductive organ, the viable pollens. We have studied 4 wild abortive wa cytoplasmic male sterile cms lines and 45 pollen. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene zhenyi chang a,1, zhufeng chen, na wanga,1, gang xie a, jiawei lu, wei yanb, junli zhoua, xiaoyan tanga,b,2, and xing wang denga,c,d,2 ashenzhen institute of molecular crop design, shenzhen 518107, china.
Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration in rice article pdf available in plant reproduction 303 october 2017 with 248 reads. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility for rice. Induction of cytoplasmic male sterility through radiations and chemical mutagens is one approach to developing alternate sources of male sterility for use in hybrid rice development. The phenomenon of cms stems from a complex interplay between maternallyinherited mitochondrion and biparental nucleus genomic elements. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Genetic analysis of male sterility obtained from a rice.
The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is. Male sterility is often observed in the progenies of hybrids of distantly related species, for example, hybrids of indica group rice oryza sativa l. Pdf advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of.
Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a new. The fertility restorer gene,r, is generally dominant and is found in certain strain of the species or may be tranfered from related species. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rice oryza sativa l. Characterization of maintainer and restorer lines for wild abortive. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in hybrid breeding in field. Apr 11, 20 rice is one of the most important model crop plants whose heterosis has been wellexploited in commercial hybrid seed production via a variety of types of male sterile lines. Another form of male sterility not under the sole influence of male nuclear genes is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic nuclear interaction remains unclear.
The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility cms in one parent and a restorer gene rf to restore fertility in another are indispensable for the development of hybrid varieties. Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in the nucleus. Identification of genes potentially associated with the fertility.
Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics. Male sterility can occur due to extranuclear genetic or nuclear genetic condition. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes cytoplasmic male sterility in rice luo, d. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited trait in higher plants, in which these. Merging theory and mechanism in studies of gynodioecy. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility recunent selection is a breeding system aiming at increasing the frequency of desira ble genes and genotypes in a plant popula tion. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cms male sterility is controlled by the interaction of a genetic factor s present. Pdf a detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. Male sterility is a useful agronomic trait for the production of f 1 hybrids in selfpollinating crops, eliminating laborious emasculation huang et al. Bagheri n, babaeian jn 2011 genetics and combining.
The wild abortive cms cmswa, a wellknown cms type, has been successfully applied in the commercial production of hybrid rice seeds for more than 40 years. In this study, a set of rice alloplasmic sporophytic cms lines was obtained by successive backcrossing of meixiang b, with three different cytoplasmic types. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic male sterility line in rice asadollah ahmadikhah, mehdi mirarab, mohammad hadi pahlevani, and leila nayyeripasand abstract cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a cornerstone of hybrid pro duction in many crops. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading. Origins of rice cytoplasmic male sterility genes cell. Stype cytoplasmic male sterility cmss is the largest group among the three major types of cms in maize. Crop science abstract genetic of fertility restoration of. Central rice research institute, cuttack, 753006 india. Pdf male sterility is characterized by nonfunctional pollen grains, while female gametes function normally. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic. It shows nonmendelian inheritance, with male sterility inherited maternally.
In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Genetics and biology of cytoplasmic male sterility and its. Malesterile plants to the extent of 25% were observed in the f 2 generation of the. Molecular characterization and application of a novel. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an ideal model for investigating the mitochondrialnuclear interaction and downregulated genes in cms lines which might be the candidate genes for pollen development in rice. Zihan liu, sha li, wei li, qi liu, lingli zhang and xiyue song abstract background. Pdf plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms results from incompatibilities. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and. Aug, 2014 the exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is caused by sterility genes in the cytoplasm which lead to the abnormal stamen and incompatible pollen.
Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes. The obstacle to utilize this technique to improve selfpollinated crops is the difficulty to make random crossing for the recombina tion. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile cms threeline system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice. Cms is associated with mitochondrial dna mutation, novel chimeric open reading frames orfs, and rearrangement of coding and noncoding regions of the mitochondrial genome. Exploration of cms in the production of male sterile lines eliminates hand emasculation. Includes information about the cause of the mutation, its biological. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops. Using linkage analysis in combination with 6,104 bc1f3 progeny derived from a cross between two nearisogenic. The rice wild abortive type of cms is conferred by the mitochondrial gene. Nov 22, 2016 the germplasm resources related to cytoplasmic sterility are limited. Such cytoplasmic for its mode of inheritance male sterility, or cms, is a very widespread trait in higher plants. The neighborjoining tree was performed using mega6 based on the alignment of osnp1 and the most similar. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms.
Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a mitochondriallocalized ppr protein that functions in reduction of wa352 transcripts dear editor, cytoplasmic male sterility cms, the failure to produce functional male gametes, is widespread in flowering plants kaul, 1988. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rice. Small rna profiles of the rice ptgms line wuxiang s reveal.
Male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid rice, and cytoplasmic effects are sufficiently documented. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, encoded by the mitochondrion in all known cases, results in defective pollen development. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicates that a core. Molecular mechanism of cytoplasmicallyencoded male sterility. Analysis of rice mitochondrial dna reveals 22 kb of plastid dna scattered. In rice, five restorer genes rf1a, rf1b, rf4, rf5, and rf6t responsible for fertility.
Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. The expression of such orfs can, in turn, result in the phenotype of male sterility, the inability of the plant to produce functional male gametes pollen. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited characteristic found in many.
May 06, 2016 male sterility system in rice hybrid seed production male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms factors have long been known in some wild plants, and also in some domesticated species, where they are used to produce plants to be used as maternal parents, for. Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile. Hybrid rice cultivation area is steadily expanding around the world, especially in southern asia. This system relies on cytoplasmic factors and organelle genes nonmendelian inheritance to adversely affect development of one or more types of cells in the anther during some stage of microsporogen. Characterization of genes and proteins related to male sterility aims to understand how and why the male sterility occurs. Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms plays a crucial role in the utilization of heterosis and various types of cms often have different abortion mechanisms. Suppressed expression of retrograderegulated male sterility. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of male sterile plants for commercial f1 hybrid seed production.
Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male. Dna methylation affected by male sterile cytoplasm in rice. Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly. Multistep formation, evolution, and functionalization of new. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants.
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